How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
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How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by Asuna Mon 21 Jan 2013, 09:14
In science fiction universes, traveling the galaxy is a snap – just engage the “warp” or “hyperspeed” drive, and off you go, cruising the cosmos at several times the speed of light. But back in reality, we’ve all been taught that the speed of light is a strict traffic law that can’t be broken. This is true, but slightly misleading.
Einstein’s theory of special relativity, first published in 1905, asserted that the speed of light is a constant (300 million meters per second), no matter who measures it. It’s always the same whether you are in motion or at rest. This line of thinking is a lot different than we’re used to experiencing. For example, if you try to measure the speed of an oncoming car from a moving vehicle, you end up getting the combined speed of both cars. This is why cops have to stay parked. Light is different, because no matter what you’re doing it always goes the same speed.
The speed of light affects us more than we realize – it helps us understand the difference between cause and effect. If things could move faster than the light we see them by, we’d be in for weird experiences. If you were a catcher trying to catch a superluminal fastball, you might feel the ball hit your glove even before the pitcher starts his wind-up: The effect before the cause. That’s because the image of object would be traveling at the speed of light, trailing the faster baseball like the slower sound of thunder trails after the image of lightning.
Now that we have a taste for Einstein’s theory, we know that baseballs don’t go faster than the speed of light. But is there anything that can? It turns out that the speed of light is only a limit on objects – like baseballs – as they move through space. The movement of space itself, however, can make the speed of light seem slow.
Right after the Big Bang, the universe had a monstrous growth-spurt called inflation. The whole thing was over in less than a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, but the universe grew exponentially in that brief blip, repeatedly doubling in size. At the end of inflation, although the universe was still smaller than a car, the outer edge had traveled many times faster than the speed of light. Since then, the universe has continued its expansion, but at a more reasonable, steady pace.
This ultra-fast growth seems to contradict what we’ve just discussed, but it makes sense if you understand the distinction between expansion and motion. When astronomers say that the universe is expanding, they’re talking about the rather abstract concept of space-time. Basically, space-time is the three physical dimensions of our existence-length, breadth and depth-combined with the additional dimension of time; think of it as a wire grid that connects every part of the universe to every other part. When we say an object has motion, we’re referring to its change in position relative to the space-time grid. The speed of light is only a constraint for objects that exist within space-time, not for space-time itself.
To better visualize the theory, astronomers often illustrate the expanding universe as a loaf of raisin bread rising in the oven. The raisins are galaxies and the rising dough represents space-time. As the dough expands, the raisin galaxies find themselves farther apart from each other, even though they are not moving relative to the dough between them.
Now let’s imagine that there’s a beetle in the loaf and it starts crawling toward a faraway raisin (don’t worry- we’re not going to eat it anyway). The beetle represents anything within space, such as baseballs, spaceships or photons. When the beetle burrows through the bread, he is moving relative to the dough, and all the other raisins. The speed of light limits how fast the beetle can travel, but not how quickly the bread can rise. Just because the expansion of space can break the speed limit, it doesn’t mean that we can go faster than Einstein said we could.
So, while the speed of light remains an unbreakable barrier for those of us within the universe, it can’t limit the expansion of space-time itself. The universe keeps right on expanding, but the speed of light limits how much of it we can see, and how fast we can move. It may not be fair, but that’s physics.
ini repost dari forum sebelah sih, gimana pendapat kalian tentang ini?
Einstein’s theory of special relativity, first published in 1905, asserted that the speed of light is a constant (300 million meters per second), no matter who measures it. It’s always the same whether you are in motion or at rest. This line of thinking is a lot different than we’re used to experiencing. For example, if you try to measure the speed of an oncoming car from a moving vehicle, you end up getting the combined speed of both cars. This is why cops have to stay parked. Light is different, because no matter what you’re doing it always goes the same speed.
The speed of light affects us more than we realize – it helps us understand the difference between cause and effect. If things could move faster than the light we see them by, we’d be in for weird experiences. If you were a catcher trying to catch a superluminal fastball, you might feel the ball hit your glove even before the pitcher starts his wind-up: The effect before the cause. That’s because the image of object would be traveling at the speed of light, trailing the faster baseball like the slower sound of thunder trails after the image of lightning.
Now that we have a taste for Einstein’s theory, we know that baseballs don’t go faster than the speed of light. But is there anything that can? It turns out that the speed of light is only a limit on objects – like baseballs – as they move through space. The movement of space itself, however, can make the speed of light seem slow.
Right after the Big Bang, the universe had a monstrous growth-spurt called inflation. The whole thing was over in less than a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, but the universe grew exponentially in that brief blip, repeatedly doubling in size. At the end of inflation, although the universe was still smaller than a car, the outer edge had traveled many times faster than the speed of light. Since then, the universe has continued its expansion, but at a more reasonable, steady pace.
This ultra-fast growth seems to contradict what we’ve just discussed, but it makes sense if you understand the distinction between expansion and motion. When astronomers say that the universe is expanding, they’re talking about the rather abstract concept of space-time. Basically, space-time is the three physical dimensions of our existence-length, breadth and depth-combined with the additional dimension of time; think of it as a wire grid that connects every part of the universe to every other part. When we say an object has motion, we’re referring to its change in position relative to the space-time grid. The speed of light is only a constraint for objects that exist within space-time, not for space-time itself.
To better visualize the theory, astronomers often illustrate the expanding universe as a loaf of raisin bread rising in the oven. The raisins are galaxies and the rising dough represents space-time. As the dough expands, the raisin galaxies find themselves farther apart from each other, even though they are not moving relative to the dough between them.
Now let’s imagine that there’s a beetle in the loaf and it starts crawling toward a faraway raisin (don’t worry- we’re not going to eat it anyway). The beetle represents anything within space, such as baseballs, spaceships or photons. When the beetle burrows through the bread, he is moving relative to the dough, and all the other raisins. The speed of light limits how fast the beetle can travel, but not how quickly the bread can rise. Just because the expansion of space can break the speed limit, it doesn’t mean that we can go faster than Einstein said we could.
So, while the speed of light remains an unbreakable barrier for those of us within the universe, it can’t limit the expansion of space-time itself. The universe keeps right on expanding, but the speed of light limits how much of it we can see, and how fast we can move. It may not be fair, but that’s physics.
- Bahasa Indonesianya:
Dalam alam semesta fiksi ilmiah, bepergian galaksi adalah snap - hanya melibatkan "warp" atau "hyperspeed" drive, dan pergilah, jelajah kosmos pada beberapa kali kecepatan cahaya. Tapi kembali pada kenyataannya, kita semua telah diajarkan bahwa kecepatan cahaya adalah hukum lalu lintas yang ketat yang tidak bisa dilanggar. Hal ini benar, tapi sedikit menyesatkan.
Teori Einstein relativitas khusus, pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1905, menegaskan bahwa kecepatan cahaya adalah konstan (300 juta meter per detik), tidak peduli siapa mengukurnya. Ini selalu sama apakah Anda berada dalam gerakan atau saat istirahat. Pemikiran ini jauh berbeda dari kita terbiasa mengalami. Misalnya, jika Anda mencoba untuk mengukur kecepatan mobil yang melaju dari kendaraan yang bergerak, Anda akhirnya mendapatkan kecepatan gabungan dari kedua mobil. Inilah sebabnya mengapa polisi harus tetap diparkir. Cahaya ini berbeda, karena tidak peduli apa yang Anda lakukan selalu berjalan dengan kecepatan yang sama.
Kecepatan cahaya mempengaruhi kita lebih dari yang kita sadari - hal ini membantu kita memahami perbedaan antara sebab dan akibat. Jika hal-hal yang bisa bergerak lebih cepat dari cahaya yang kita lihat mereka dengan, kita akan berada dalam untuk pengalaman aneh. Jika Anda adalah penangkap mencoba untuk menangkap fastball superluminal, Anda mungkin merasa bola membentur sarung tangan Anda bahkan sebelum dimulai pitcher nya angin-up: Efeknya sebelum penyebabnya. Itu karena gambar objek akan bepergian dengan kecepatan cahaya, membuntuti bisbol lebih cepat seperti suara lebih lambat dari jalur petir setelah gambar petir.
Sekarang bahwa kita memiliki rasa untuk teori Einstein, kita tahu bahwa bola tidak pergi lebih cepat daripada kecepatan cahaya. Tapi apakah ada sesuatu yang bisa? Ternyata bahwa kecepatan cahaya hanya batas pada benda - seperti bola - ketika mereka bergerak melalui ruang. Gerakan ruang itu sendiri, bagaimanapun, dapat membuat kecepatan cahaya tampak lambat.
Tepat setelah Big Bang, alam semesta memiliki mengerikan pertumbuhan menyembur disebut inflasi. Semuanya sudah berakhir dalam waktu kurang dari seper dari seper detik, namun alam semesta tumbuh secara eksponensial dalam blip singkat, berulang kali dua kali lipat dalam ukuran. Pada akhir inflasi, meskipun alam semesta masih lebih kecil dari mobil, tepi luar telah melakukan perjalanan banyak kali lebih cepat daripada kecepatan cahaya. Sejak saat itu, alam semesta terus ekspansi, tetapi pada kecepatan, lebih masuk akal stabil.
Pertumbuhan ultra-cepat tampaknya bertentangan dengan apa yang baru saja kita bahas, tapi itu masuk akal jika Anda memahami perbedaan antara ekspansi dan gerak. Ketika astronom mengatakan bahwa alam semesta mengembang, mereka berbicara tentang konsep yang abstrak ruang-waktu. Pada dasarnya, ruang-waktu adalah tiga dimensi fisik keberadaan-panjang kami luas, dan kedalaman-dikombinasikan dengan dimensi tambahan waktu, menganggapnya sebagai grid kawat yang menghubungkan setiap bagian dari alam semesta ke setiap bagian lainnya. Ketika kita mengatakan sebuah objek memiliki gerak, kita mengacu pada perubahan dalam posisi relatif ke jaringan ruang-waktu. Kecepatan cahaya hanya kendala untuk objek yang ada dalam ruang-waktu, bukan untuk ruang-waktu itu sendiri.
Untuk lebih memvisualisasikan teori, astronom seringkali menggambarkan alam semesta yang mengembang sebagai sepotong roti kismis meningkat di oven. Para kismis galaksi dan adonan naik mewakili ruang-waktu. Sebagai adonan mengembang, galaksi kismis menemukan diri mereka jauh terpisah dari satu sama lain, meskipun mereka tidak bergerak relatif terhadap adonan antara mereka.
Sekarang mari kita bayangkan bahwa ada kumbang di roti dan itu mulai merangkak menuju kismis jauh (jangan khawatir-kita tidak akan memakannya pula). Kumbang merupakan sesuatu dalam ruang, seperti bola, pesawat ruang angkasa atau foton. Ketika liang kumbang melalui roti, ia bergerak relatif terhadap adonan, dan semua kismis lainnya. Kecepatan cahaya batas seberapa cepat kumbang dapat melakukan perjalanan, tetapi tidak seberapa cepat roti dapat meningkat. Hanya karena perluasan ruang dapat melanggar batas kecepatan, itu tidak berarti bahwa kita bisa pergi lebih cepat daripada Einstein mengatakan kita bisa.
Jadi, sementara kecepatan cahaya tetap menjadi penghalang dipecahkan bagi kita dalam alam semesta, tidak bisa membatasi perluasan ruang-waktu itu sendiri. Alam semesta terus berkembang tepat di, namun kecepatan cahaya batas berapa banyak yang kita bisa melihat, dan seberapa cepat kita bisa bergerak. Ini mungkin tidak adil, tapi itu fisika.
ini repost dari forum sebelah sih, gimana pendapat kalian tentang ini?
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by Kevin Blaze Coolerz Mon 21 Jan 2013, 10:50
translate plis 
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by Asuna Mon 21 Jan 2013, 11:56
sorry but English is enough for me 
atau pake google translate aja gan
atau pake google translate aja gan
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by Kevin Blaze Coolerz Mon 21 Jan 2013, 19:03
Asuna wrote:sorry but English is enough for me
atau pake google translate aja gan
wah, ak gk mahir brbahasa inggris, trpaksa translate deh
udah ak edit tuh trit ny
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by Asuna Mon 21 Jan 2013, 21:01
owh.. arigatou
thanks ya kalo gitu
thanks ya kalo gitu
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by Kevin Blaze Coolerz Mon 21 Jan 2013, 21:23
Asuna wrote:owh.. arigatou
thanks ya kalo gitu
ok, sma"
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by Pinneaple Studios Tue 29 Jan 2013, 15:55
klo pake google translate kadang ngaco
aku bisa sih basa inggris tapi gk jago bgt
aku bisa sih basa inggris tapi gk jago bgt
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by zebrakelabu Wed 30 Jan 2013, 13:17
This is some serious physic stuff 
and very nice too
Any theory on the matter which fills "the void" between the inner explosion and outer edges? It cannot be the known space the light has traveled so far... or can it?
and very nice too Any theory on the matter which fills "the void" between the inner explosion and outer edges? It cannot be the known space the light has traveled so far... or can it?
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Re: How could the universe expand faster than the speed of light?
by glupfruxx Wed 06 Feb 2013, 13:48
Sekarang pertanyaannya adalah
"Siapa yang bisa lebih cepat dari cahaya?"
"Siapa yang bisa lebih cepat dari cahaya?"
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